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The butterfly valve is a type of valve that controls fluid flow by rotating a circular disc or “butterfly” 90 degrees within the valve body. It’s known for its simplicity, compact size, and quick operation. Butterfly valves are used in various industries to regulate the flow of liquids, gases, and some slurries. They consist of a disc, a shaft, a valve body, and an actuator for rotation.
The valve operates on a quarter-turn principle, opening fully when the disc is rotated 90 degrees and closing when turned back. Butterfly valves come in different types, including those with resilient or metal-seated discs and various actuation methods (manual, electric, pneumatic, ).
This article serves as a comprehensive guide to butterfly valves, encompassing their diverse applications, constituent parts, operational principles, and various categorizations. Furthermore, it invites readers to explore the distinctions between butterfly valves and ball valves in the later sections, providing a well-rounded understanding of these essential components in fluid control systems.
What Are Plastic Butterfly Valves Used For?
Plastic Butterfly valves are present in almost all industries that need flow control. These could be the following:
- Irrigation
- Petroleum Industries
- Chemical Industry
- Agricultural Industries
- Water Supply
- Wastewater Industries
- Corrosive Applications
- Fire Protection
- Slurry
Plastic Butterfly Valve Parts
Butterfly valves are an essential component in industrial applications, facilitating the flow control of various types of media. They are comprised of multiple parts, each made from different materials tailored to specific working conditions. Below is a detailed breakdown of these components and their material options.
Body
The valve body houses the internal components of the butterfly valve. Depending on the application and the type of media flowing through the valve, different materials can be used for the body. Common materials include:
PVC CPVC PPH PVDF
Disc
The disc acts as the regulating element that allows or restricts the flow of media through the valve. The material for the disc is selected based on the type of media it will interact with. The angular movement of the disc provides varying degrees of flow control or sealing capabilities.
Seat
In soft-sealed butterfly valves, the stem material is often made of 45# steel. This choice offers a balance between durability and cost-effectiveness.
Stem
The seat in soft-sealed butterfly valves is mainly composed of a variety of elastomers, such as:
EPDM NBR PTFE
Operating mechanism
The actuator is the driving mechanism for the butterfly valve, and various types are available:
Handle: Usually made of ABS or PVC injection-molded handles.
Worm Gear: Made from cast iron or stainless steel.
Electric Actuator: Available in both switching and modulating types.
Pneumatic Actuator: Comes in single-acting and double-acting versions.
Choosing the right materials for each component of a butterfly valve is crucial for its performance and longevity. These selections are generally influenced by the type of media being controlled and the specific requirements of the applicationOperating mechanism
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Butterfly Valve Types By Material
Plastic Butterfly Valves
Plastic butterfly valves are on the rise due to their cost-effectiveness. They may be light, but the material still has strong structural capabilities, making it ideal for low to medium pressure applications. Common plastic butterfly valve materials are PVC CPVC PP PPH PVDF. The corresponding valve body and sealing ring material can be selected according to the corrosiveness of the flowing medium. Common plastic valves cannot be used for low temperature.
Metal Butterfly Valves
If metal is the material of choice, then cast iron is a typical choice for industrial applications. Cast iron can withstand higher temperature and pressure levels than PVC, making it a better choice for industrial applications. In addition to cast iron, there are more options such as carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel. Metal valves can be used at higher temperatures and pressures.
Butterfly Valve Types By Open method
Manual Operation
With manual operation being commonly achieved through either Lever or gear-type mechanisms. The Lever Method involves a simple handle that manually opens and closes the valve, often featuring a locking mechanism for added security. While efficient for smaller valves, the Lever Method is generally not suitable for larger valves, especially those exceeding DN200 in diameter.
For larger butterfly valves, the Gear Type Method is usually more appropriate. This mechanism employs a gear-and-wheel setup connected to the valve stem, allowing for opening or closing with just a quarter turn. This makes operation easier and more efficient for larger valves.
Automatic Operation
In industrial applications, automated actuators are frequently used, particularly for larger-sized valves. There are two main types of automated actuators for butterfly valves:
Electric Butterfly Valves: These rely on electric motors to facilitate the opening and closing of the valve. The motor provides precise control, making it suitable for applications that require accurate flow regulation.
Pneumatic Butterfly Valves: These use compressed air to assist in actuating the valve open or closed. Pneumatic actuators are generally faster and can be more reliable in certain environments.
How Dose Butterfly Valve Work ?
The butterfly valve drives the butterfly plate through the drive mechanism to rotate 90°C around its axis so that the butterfly valve can complete the opening and closing actions. The butterfly plate axis is perpendicular to the flow direction of the fluid.
When the valve is fully open, the disc rotates a quarter of a turn so that it allows virtually unrestricted passage of fluid. The valve can also be opened gradually to throttle flow.
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Ball Valves vs Butterfly Valves: Key Differences
Same point:
Switching mode: Both ball valve and butterfly valve are opened or closed by rotating 90°C. Butterfly valve opening time is faster.
Flow control: Both the ball valve and butterfly valve can have a flow control function.
Main differences:
Fluid Control:
Butterfly Valves: Butterfly valves are typically used in high flow applications and are capable of higher flow capacities, but may not be suitable when tighter flow control is required.
Ball Valve: A ball valve is suitable for applications that require more precise flow control as it provides more precise control of fluid flow.
Pressure drop:
Butterfly Valve: Butterfly valves generally have a lower pressure drop, which means that the fluid passing through the butterfly valve creates less resistance, making them suitable for situations where a reduced pressure drop of the fluid is required.
Ball Valves: Ball valves generally have a higher pressure drop because the hole inside the ball may cause greater fluid resistance, which is a consideration in some applications.
Sealing performance:
Butterfly valves: Butterfly valves have relatively low sealing performance and are not suitable for applications that require a high degree of sealing.
Ball valves: Ball valves generally have good sealing performance and can be used in applications that require a high degree of sealing, such as closed systems for gases or liquids.
Guidelines for purchasing Butterfly Valves
Flow Media：
Understanding the type of media—whether it’s gas, liquid, or a mix of both—is crucial. Different media have different viscosities, corrosiveness, and temperatures, which will influence the type of valve and its material construction. For instance, a butterfly valve might be ideal for water applications, while a globe valve could be better suited for gas.
Pipeline Pressure：
Be aware of the pipeline’s pressure specifications. The valve must be capable of withstanding the operational pressure to avoid failure or leaks. High-pressure systems may require specialized valves made of materials that can handle such conditions.
Material Selection：
Material compatibility is essential for the longevity of the valve. Choose materials that are resistant to the type of media being controlled. Common options include PVC, stainless steel, and specialized alloys for corrosive environments. The valve’s internal components, like the stem and seat, may require different materials, such as 45# steel or EPDM rubber.
Installation & Maintenance：
Ease of installation and maintenance should not be overlooked. Consider the physical size and installation requirements, like flange compatibility and required clearances. Post-installation, regular maintenance checks should be easy to conduct, and replacement parts should be readily available.
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